Analysis on the prevalence of thyroid cancer in Jing′an District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To explore and analyse the prevalence of thyroid cancer among population of Jing′an District, Shanghai, providing a scientific basis for prevention and intervention. Methods Analysis was made on the prevalence of thyroid cancer in Jing′an District in 2014 and its incidence and death trend from 2009 to 2014 based on the data of Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting System. Results From 2005 to 2014, the total number of thyroid cancer cases in Jing′an District were 2 430, ranking fourth of all malignant tumors.The crude incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 24.33/100 000, the standardized incidence rate was 16.67/100 000.The ratio of male to female was 0.34 : 1;the difference in incidence between male and female was significant(χ2=579.77, P < 0.01).In different age groups the difference in incidence was also statistically significant(χ2=419.90, P < 0.01).The highest incidence was in 45-64 years old group, followed by 15-44 years old group. Only 155 deaths occurred; the ratio of death to morbidity was 1 : 15.68.Standardized incidence of thyroid cancer was increasing in Jing′an District from 2005 to 2014(trend Chi-square tests, χ2=7.33, P < 0.01).APC was 20.69%(male 23.81%, female 19.44%).The standardized mortality rate from 2005 to 2014 was at a relatively low level, and the trend of change was not statistically significant. Conclusion The government and society should pay high attention to the status of high detection rate and low mortality rate of thyroid cancer.The focus of prevention and control is rational diagnosis and treatment for a large number of thyroid cancer patients.

"Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai(2018-2030)" in the perspective of public health / 上海预防医学

The "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai (2018-2030)" was officially released in August 2018.From the perspective of public health, this paper analyzes the background of the plan from the epidemic situation, response and challenges Shanghai City is facing, expounds the comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases including four functional systems, and explains the key preventive and control measures on the different stages of chronic diseases, comparing the evaluation indicators with those of the national plan.This paper will help to better understand the new blueprint for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai in the next ten years.

Recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai, 2002-2010 / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Data from the population-based Shanghai Cancer Registry and related retrospective survey were used to analyze the patterns of incidence and trends of malignant solid tumors diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in children aged 0-14 years. The distributions of incidences were described according to gender, age and cancer types which were classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). Annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) were adjusted by the world standard population. Approximate confidence intervals for standardized rate ratios (SRR) based Poisson distribution test-based methods were used to assess changes in incidence over the period 2002 - 2006 and 2007 - 2010.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1)A total of 868 cases of childhood malignant solid tumors were diagnosed in Shanghai during 2002 - 2010, accounting for 65.8% of all childhood cancers. The ASR of 2002 - 2010 was 80.2 per million for all solid tumors. (2) The ASR was higher in boys (86.3 per million) than in girls (73.8 per million) with SRR 1.2 (95%CI 1.0 - 1.3). Incidence rate was the highest in the first five years of life with 93.4 per million. The age-specific incidence rates in 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 age groups were 65.2 and 79.3 per million, respectively. (3) CNS tumors, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas were the top 5 most common solid tumors in children, with the incidence rate of 23.8, 11.0, 7.8, 7.7 and 6.8 per million, respectively. The patterns of subgroups varied in different age groups. Blastomas, such as neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, were more common in the children aged 0 - 4 years, whereas epithelial carcinomas and bone tumors developed more frequently in elder children aged 10 - 14 years. (4) Compared with the ASR in 2002 - 2006, the ASR for both genders in 2007 - 2010 had no substantial changes (78.7 per million in 2002 - 2006 and 82.9 per million in 2007 - 2010). However, among boys, the incidence rate in 2007 - 2010 was significantly higher than that in 2002 - 2006 with SRR 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0 - 1.4). For specific subgroups of cancer, there were no substantial changes. Some cautions should be taken when interpreting results involving a small number of cases per year and those with wide 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence rate of pediatric malignant solid tumors among males was higher than females during 2002 - 2010, and it differed among different age groups with the highest in the first five years of life. CNS tumor was the most common type of solid tumors in children. This was a unique characteristics comparing with adult reflected in disease spectrum and age of onset. The patterns of incidence and its trends for childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai could provide a basis for etiologic research and preventive interventions. The findings also suggest an urgent need for longer population-based surveillance to verify the pattern and changing trends.</p>

Estimates and prediction of prostate cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence in China, 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of prostate cancer in China,in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registries and the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005)was used to estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence rates of prostate cancer in China in 2008.Mathematical models were used to predict the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the next 20 years.Results In 2008,the incidence of prostate cancer was 33 802 (2.1％),with the incidence rate as 4.3/100 000,which ranked the eighth among all the male cancers.Mortality of prostate cancer in China was 14 297 (1.2％) with the mortality rate of 1.8/100 000,which ranked eleventh among all the male cancers.The 5-year prevalence rate of prostate cancer in China was 75 535 (3.5％) with the proportion of 13.8/100 000,ranking the seventh among all the male cancers.The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in men before the age of 60 maintained at a low level,but rose rapidly after the age of 60.Data on prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Both incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China would keep increasing in the future.Prevention and control programs for prostate cancer should be strengthened.

Study on the prevalence of depression among cancer patients and its influencing factors in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the prevalence of depression among cancer patients and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We investigated 7967 cancer patients who lived in communities with cluster sampling based on 'Shanghai Cancer Patient Database'. They were investigated through questionnaires and completed the Zung Self-rating Scale. 6694 questionnaires were identified as 'qualified'. We calculated the prevalence of depression and determined the factors with logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rate of depression among cancer patients in communities was 24.74% (95% CI: 23.71% - 25.79%). Results from multi-factor analysis showed that duration since diagnosis, stages at diagnosis, metastasis, therapeutics, KPS scores, and pain VAS scores were the important factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early detection, improving the curative effect and providing community health services could reduce the prevalence of depression.</p>